Modelos pedagógicos usados en la educación de estilos de vida saludables en adolescentes

Abstract

Introduction: pedagogical models refer to the theoretical frameworks that serve as guidelines for planning, designing, and guiding the work of education, and from there, formulating and sequencing the thematic content involved. In this sense, pedagogical models in the education of healthy lifestyles should influence the development of behaviors, behaviors and styles that lead to the comprehensive development of adolescents, especially from the factors implicit in their sexuality, food and nutrition, body hygiene and timely use of their free time, particularly in adolescents. Objective: to describe the pedagogical models used in the education of healthy lifestyles in adolescents according to the scientific literature published between 2011-2022. Methodology: the research is oriented under a descriptive qualitative approach, which follows the systematic review method with the implementation of the PRISMA methodology. Results: the studies reviewed show that the pedagogical models vary according to the topic to be addressed, since the models make it possible to seek understanding of the health situation and the transmission of information at both the individual and group levels. However, the models are complementary to each other, since teaching-learning practices require different tools that enable the construction of knowledge and prior knowledge for autonomous decision making on the health of the individual. Among the models most commonly used in the education of healthy lifestyles in adolescents, the cognitive-behavioral model and the autonomous learning model stand out. Conclusions: the pedagogical models used in the education of healthy lifestyles in adolescents, where the cognitive-behavioral model and the autonomous learning model allow generating significant transformations in their behaviors and behaviors, which are of great relevance for the strengthening of the teaching-learning processes and thus stimulate transformations in the living environments and the well-being of society.