Factores psicológicos que influyen en la maternidad de jóvenes a temprana edad entre los 15 a 25 años en la comuna 5 y 14 de Santiago de Cali, 2022.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Motherhood is known as one of the most important stages in the life cycle of women, in the same way it is a difficult role to assume more frequently when this stage is related to youth. In the same order, it is of vital importance to infer about the factors that enhance mental health risk when becoming mothers at an early age in the city of Santiago de Cali, Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the psychological factors that influence the maternity of young people at an early age between 15 and 25 years in commune 5 and 14 of Cali, Colombia.

METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional, quantitative study that included 10 pregnant women or exercising the role of motherhood between 15 and 25 years of age. The evaluation was carried out through a 25-item Likert scale designed by the researchers that sought to examine the Social, Affective, and Educational factors in the Family/Support, Socioeconomic Stratum, Medical Personnel, and Psychopathology variables.

RESULTS: The questionnaire has an interval of less than 1% and greater than 5%, in the data an average of 4.2% was obtained in the Social factor, 3.7% in the Affective factor and 3.25% in the Educational factor. Therefore, it is evident that in the 3 factors and the different variables studied there is an adequate interrelation between mothers at an early age and their different spheres of life, such as the family, socioeconomic environment, medical personnel and psychopathologies, without neglecting that they still there are factors to improve the integrity and functionality in the quality of life on youth. The T test for the sample of two paired means was 0.104; and the reliability statistic with Cronbach's Alpha was 0.893, which indicates that its level of reliability is acceptable.

DISCUSSION: The data collected in the present investigation in relation to the review of the state of the art carried out in PUB MED on the psychological factors that influence the maternity of young pregnant women between the ages of 15 and 25, it is possible to contrast that the women who remain Pregnant at an early age in most cases have support from the family and their sentimental partner in the different variables studied, this means that the accompaniment by their support network enhances greater emotional stability in young people throughout the course of motherhood. However, it was observed from the data obtained that these women often present symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression due to other factors; mainly the physiological, emotional and cognitive changes that influence during the development of youth in relation to motherhood; likewise, although there is medical monitoring by your health network at the physiological level during pregnancy, there is still a need to give greater integrality in said process in an interdisciplinary manner, since not doing so has incidents in the process of the mother's pregnancy putting their psychological development at risk in relation to their mental health.

CONCLUSION: Important data was obtained that helps to compare what it means to be a mother at an early age in the Social, Affective and Educational factor in previous years with the current one, after going through the COVID-19 pandemic, which increased from significantly the pregnancy rate and with it the influential factors in the gestational stage and maternity, causing biopsychosocial risks both in the young mother and in the fetus. We conclude then that the greater presence of the factors already mentioned within the categories: Family/Support, Socioeconomic Stratum, Medical Personnel and Psychopathologies provide that the gestation and maternity process is adequate, in which it can be maintained. the balance between her self-improvement and her role as a mother.