Implicaciones sobre el desarrollo del habla y lenguaje por otitis media pediátrica secundaria a la enfermedad de reflujo gastroesofágico. Una revisión narrativa

Abstract

Worldwide, gastroesophageal reflux represents a high incidence, which at first results as a physiological process in pediatric ages and when it remains present and persistent after two years of age, it transforms into pathological reflux called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)1. Among its consequences are ear infections such as otitis media2, this can be caused because the Eustachian tube is located in the rhinopharynx, communicating the middle ear with the aerodigestive tract3. Research has documented that otitis media can cause moderate to severe hearing losses depending on the complication of the case4, a situation that can cause different consequences and limitations in the development of speech and language in children. Based on what has been described, it is considered relevant to carry out a qualitative narrative review, which characterizes the implications on the development of speech and language due to pediatric otitis media secondary to gastroesophageal reflux disease. As a result, it was obtained that, there are speech and language complications that lead children from 0 to 6 years old to delays in phonetic, phonological, and morphosyntactic acquisition, and later difficulties in learning, reading and writing, among others.