Reconstrucción mandibular mediante colgajos.

Abstract

Mandibular reconstruction using pedicle and free flaps have been fundamental techniques in the intervention of functional and aesthetic defects such as management of benign and malignant tumors, segmental bone reconstruction, osteoradionecrosis of the jaw, reconstruction of extraoral soft tissues below the commissure, of infrastructure of the maxilla and mandibulectomies among others. This research aims to describe the different types of mandibular flap for mandibular reconstruction, identifying the advantages related to the selection of the flap, risk factors and disadvantages compared to the type of flap used in mandibular reconstruction surgeries. This research will be developed through a descriptive methodology with a qualitative-challenges-perspective approach, through a bibliographic review taking as a point of reference articles published in recent years, between 2016 and 2021, found through databases such as academic Google, sciELO , science, pubmed, journals, Elsever. As a result, aesthetic and functional damage constitutes a highly relevant issue, since the repercussions are derived from the patients. Therefore, through reconstructive surgery techniques such as flaps, it is possible to prevent retractable scars, indelible marks on the face and serious defects in patients. In conclusion, the different types of flaps for mandibular reconstruction have proven to be efficient in functional and aesthetic anomalies, highlighting pedunculated and free flaps. This type of techniques is internationally recognized, due to the numerous studies that show high effectiveness in improving the physical condition of the patient and solving the defect in facial and symmetrical aspects.