Estrategias didácticas en el aislamiento, restauración y conservación del humedal Talaga municipio de Timbío (Cauca), a partir de una evaluación ambiental

Abstract

Wetlands in the world have an important function in ecological, social and economic aspects, they are considered as strategic ecosystems for nature and the human being. The application of statistical tools such as MicMac® software, allowed to analyzed the environmental factors, problems and impacts that affect the Talaga wetland, located in Timbio municipality, in the department of Cauca, which allowed to design eight teaching strategies (exhibition magisterial, problem solving, debates and discussions, workshops, field work, ecological campaigns, ecological groups and project development) applied for the isolation, restoration and conservation of the wetland. A prospective methodology was applied, using the method of structural analysis created by Godet, which gave him the name of Matrix of Cross Impacts Multiplication Applied to a Classification with its acronym MICMAC and a matrix formed by the variables considered important (absence and neglect of government entities, catchment and diversion of flow, reduction of artisanal fishing for consumption, inappropriate land use, sewage drainage, increase in solid waste, anthropic activities, decrease in primary productivity, decrease in secondary productivity, decrease in plant cover, decrease in diversity of flora and fauna, increase in leaching of nutrients and soil dragging, decrease in transparency, variation in solar radiation permeability, increase in erosion, increase in load of dissolved solids, eutrophication of the wetland source, biological and chemical oxygen demand, temperature variation of microclimates, increase in load of nutrients) adjusted by a group of Conservation Technician instructors of Natural Resources of Timbío 2017, in order to know and prioritize the factors that are most sensitive to the transformation of the ecosystem and on which mitigation, preservation and / or conservation actions should be taken, using didactic strategies by apprentices. Four critical variables were found: Eutrophication of the source of the wetland, Decrease in diversity of flora and fauna. The most influential variable is increase in the load of dissolved solids, and the one with the greatest dependence is the variable Increase in leaching of nutrients and soil dragging. The application of these tools, in the ecological context, allows determining within the variables that affect the Talaga wetland, which are more relevant and what kind of strategies should be implemented to know the state of transformation of these ecosystems at local, regional and national levels.