Identificación de los peligros biomecánicos en el área de producción de una empresa metalmecánica del sur occidente colombiano durante el periodo 2019

Abstract

This project seeks to reach improvements of the production area of a metal-mechanic company from the Southwest of Colombia, taking into account occupational biomechanical dangers focused on skeletal muscle disorders which are frequent symptoms in the workplace and other types of activities that humans do, as well as work absenteeism. The following written work is based on the identification of occupational risks that commonly occurs, taking as a starting point the conditions in which workers performs their functions and work activities.

These skeletal muscle traumas are a manifestation of work absenteeism in the companies which are the main root causes of physical effects (bodily effects) affecting the functionality, productivity and quality of life of workers.

The study developed for this purpose was descriptive where were taken into account ergonomic elements of the bodily static and dynamic posture and organizational factors of the workstations in the workplace , this study was established on workers pain symptoms diagnosed. In this research was applied GTC 45 methodology, it is a guide called GUÍA DE ATENCIÓN EN SEGURIDAD Y SALUD EN EL TRABAJO and the regulation GATISO 2015 was employed to executed preventions and risk management.

According to the report about workers health conditions made by the company TIAM, based on the fact that workers are exposed to repetitive movements of the upper limbs and to remain in poor body postures specially in seated and standing positions for an extended period of time, in this study the statistics were analyzed and it could be concluded that the level of risk which workers are exposed is medium according to the result of the 32,7 %, adding , the previous figure does not exceed hands pain statistics specifically carpal tunnel syndrome in comparison with other symptoms in different body areas.

Finally, in the statistical results of this study it was established the most recurrent pain of skeletal muscle areas is located in hands as reported by 47%, follow, lower limbs area reveals 38% , then lower back area 37 %, nevertheless the findings in this research strongly suggest that a higher frequency of pain is located in body areas with the highest postural requirements and muscle activity, these results must be examine in detail to determine in what way the risk factors by physical stress and other organizational and workplace aspects may be causing pain to the workers.