Diseño e implementación de un sistema de adquisición basado en señales mioeléctricas para la ejecución de movimientos en una prótesis didáctica de miembro superior derecho

Abstract

Myoelectric signals are electrical signals produced by a muscle during the process of contraction and relaxation, each time an individual makes a movement, for example, elbow flexion. These signals can be used in the sense that with the correct acquisition and processing of myoelectric signals, it could be possible to design mechanisms that simulate movements or, failing that, the design of prostheses. In this article, the acquisition and processing of myoelectric signals and the development of a didactic prosthesis that simulates the flexion-extension movements of the elbow, pronosupination of the forearm, flexion-extension of the fingers and rotation of the thumb are performed. The data acquisition system consists of a system of surface electrodes and MyoWare muscle sensors, the acquisition hardware is based on an Arduino Mega 2560 and the controller software programmed with a state machine, connected by serial port to a computer with the software of Matlab® processing. Then, the didactic platform for teaching biomechatronics is designed and built, where the student can interact with an acquisition system based on myoelectric signals integrated into a didactic prosthesis with servomotor components and a gearmotor, with its proper graphic interface. The platform allows the acquisition of myoelectric signals in 4 different positions, where a characteristic vector of the performed movements is obtained. The platform allowed to simulate and adequately characterize the flexion-extension movements of the elbow, pronosupination of the forearm, flexion-extension of the fingers and rotation of the thumb. This platform will allow specific studies of the movement of the upper limb in a didactic way, with the capacity that in later studies other movements can be characterized or the simple combination of these