Efectos ambientales de los hidrocarburos. Una revisión

Abstract

The exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons and their derivatives constitutes today one of the main industrial activities worldwide, in large part to the different properties and importance of hydrocarbons, not only in the global economy, but also in the activities of the daily living of human beings, for being a fundamental element for the development of almost all activities. However, the different techniques of both exploration, exploitation and production of these chemical compounds have very high levels and probabilities of environmental pollution, mainly because the composition of hydrocarbons generates significant effects on all ecosystems. Faced with this problem, the different scientific advances have begun to use bioremediation techniques with the aim of reducing environmental impacts to influence the recovery of affected ecosystems. This bibliographic review article presents a series of theoretical and conceptual considerations about the effects of the exploration and exploitation of oil and its derivatives, focusing on the environmental effects that these activities bring, as well as the existing regulatory framework in Colombia that regulates all the areas related to the extraction of hydrocarbons.