Monografía factores de riesgo relacionados con trastornos músculo esqueléticos en el equipo médico quirúrgico

Abstract

Introduction: Health professionals such as those who make up the surgical team, made up of surgeons and their assistants, anesthesiologists, surgical instructors, nurses and nursing assistants, are exposed to different risks; The risks are due to factors that affect the personnel that make up the surgical team, which can trigger musculoskeletal disorders. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify risk factors related to skeletal muscle disorders in the medical surgical team. Methodology: This monograph takes into account 50 scientific articles published between 2015 and 2020 regarding risk factors and musculoskeletal disorders. The information is obtained in databases: PubMed, Biomed Central, SciELO, Dialnet, ScienceDirect; with the purpose of knowing the factors and said disorders in the surgical medical team. Results: it was evidenced that in the studies the nursing profession was representative and the nursing technicians (auxiliaries) more than a third were dedicated to the study of this population, followed by surgeons and various health professions, that is, studies where evaluated all the healthcare personnel participating in the surgical team. Among these professionals, nurses are among the workers at high risk of MSD due to their overwhelming workload, demanding work, and long hours. Discussion: the musculoskeletal disorders reported by the consulted studies are described, showing common aspects, among them, that the medical-surgical personnel refer musculoskeletal symptoms, especially pain and fatigue, in multiple regions of the body, also, it is identified very frequently the presence of low back pain and musculoskeletal symptoms at the level of the cervical, lumbar region, upper extremities (hand, arm, shoulder) and lower extremities (knees and feet).