Tecnologías de tratamiento aplicadas al manejo de lixiviados. Una revisión

Abstract

Sanitary landfills are currently one of the most widely used final disposal techniques worldwide, however, this technique brings with it the generation of biogas and leachate. The leachates are the product of the decomposition of the organic matter deposited in the landfills that, along with humidity and precipitation, carry a large amount of substances with them. The leachates are mainly composed of four general types of pollutants: organic compounds, dissolved heavy metals, organic and inorganic nitrogen and total dissolved solids, which make leachate a difficult product to treat, it is estimated that a ton of urban solid waste with a Moisture content between 30–35% will generate approximately 0.05–0.07 tons of leachate. This bibliographic review article presents the generalities, characteristics and variables that affect the composition of the leachate together with the existing treatment technologies. Among the implemented technologies, it was identified that the combined systems are the most used, in China more than 80% of the treatment plants combine physicochemical processes with membrane systems, in Colombia biological systems were found combined with advanced filtration systems in the treatment leachate.