Agricultura sostenible como alternativa de control y mitigación de impactos ambientales

Abstract

Agriculture is one of the most important global production activities, it ensures food security for all worldwide population, providing sustain to 65% of low income population at global scale. At 2050, world population will increase 20-30%, and the agricultural production shall increase about a 60%. Although the goodness provided for socio economic development offered by agriculture for the population, its traditional practice has created several environmental impacts to the ecosystemic systems offered by water, soil and air, among which water overexploitation, eutrophication by diffuse pollution, pathogens and emergent pollutants introduction to water and food chain, soil erosion, deforestation and increase of greenhouse gases emission can be highlighted. However, agriculture will remain one of the fundamental activities for wellbeing, socio economic development at global scale, reason for which in necessary a change in the paradigm towards sustainable agriculture, that guarantees global food security and economic development, mitigating to a large degree the environmental impacts caused by traditional agriculture. In the present review article, it is described the fundamental aspects of organic agriculture, climate-smart agriculture, urban agriculture and precision agriculture, that are already been implemented in Colombia, as sustainable alternatives that allow reconciliation between agricultural socio economic development, the ecosystem and biodiversity preservation worldwide contributing to achieve the sustainable development goals in the year 2030.